Disclaimer: This material is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute legal or medical advice or regulatory guidance. Requirements and interpretations may vary and change over time. Always verify current rules directly with the Florida Board of Medicine, Florida Board of Osteopathic Medicine, Florida Board of Nursing, and the Florida Board of Pharmacy, and seek advice from qualified legal counsel before making decisions or taking action.
Executive Summary
- Clinical control: Non-physicians may own clinics, but a Florida-licensed MD/DO must be medical/clinic director with authority over protocols, supervision, and records. MSOs handle business only.
- Medical director duties: Must ensure compliance, licensure checks, recordkeeping, and QA. Define availability, supervision, and escalation in policy/contract.
- Delegation: Physicians may delegate medical acts (injectables, devices) only to licensed, trained staff within scope. Use written protocols and competency records.
- APRNs:
- Non-autonomous: require written physician protocol.
- Autonomous (§464.0123): may practice in primary care only; aesthetics/devices still need physician oversight.
- PAs: Must practice under a physician with a written supervision agreement (§458.347). Prescribing limited by formulary rules.
- Telehealth: Florida licensees may practice; out-of-state clinicians must register. Same standard of care, records, and prescribing rules apply.
- Controlled substances: DEA registration required; E-FORCSE PDMP checks mandatory for controlled prescribing (≥16).
- Lasers/devices: Medical procedures in Florida. Laser hair removal only by licensed electrologists with training under physician supervision. No facility license required.
- QA & documentation: No set chart-review quota, but directors must maintain records, QA meeting minutes, incident logs, and updated protocols/consents.
- Common structure: Physician-directed clinical entity paired with MSO for nonclinical operations, preserving physician control and avoiding fee-splitting.
The Florida Quick Compliance Checklist
Entity & Ownership Structure
- CPOM in Florida: Florida does not have an absolute “physician-only” ownership rule. Under the Health Care Clinic Act, non-physicians may own a clinic, but the clinic must appoint a medical director (MD/DO) who is legally responsible for compliance.
- MSO contracts: Best practice is to keep MSO functions (marketing, staffing, nonclinical operations) separate and not allow them to intrude on clinical decision-making.
- Documentation: Keep governance agreements and MSO contracts on file; regulators look for evidence that the physician retains control over protocols, records, and treatment decisions.
Medical Director Credentials
- License: Must be a Florida-licensed MD or DO in good standing.
- Duties: The medical director is responsible for ensuring the clinic complies with statutes, rules, and recordkeeping requirements (see F.S. §400.9935 under the Health Care Clinic Act).
- Policies: Availability for supervision, coverage, and QA expectations should be defined in internal policies and contracts.
Delegation & Prescriptive Authority
APRNs
- Protocols: If not registered for autonomous practice, APRNs must work under a written protocol with a physician (F.S. §464.012). Protocols cover scope, drugs/devices, consultation/escalation.
- Autonomous practice: APRNs who qualify under F.S. §464.0123 (from HB 607, 2020) may practice independently in primary care, but still need written protocols for medical acts such as aesthetics/lasers.
- Board rules: APRN practice standards appear in FAC 64B9-4.
Physician Assistants (PAs)
- Statute: PAs must practice under a supervising physician per F.S. §458.347 (MDs) or §459.022 (DOs).
- Agreements: Written supervision/delegation agreement is required, defining duties, prescribing authority, and chart-review or availability standards.
- Formulary limits: PAs may not prescribe drugs prohibited under the PA formulary (FAC 64B8-30.008).
Controlled Substances (All Prescribers)
- PDMP use: Florida’s PDMP is E-FORCSE®, and prescribers must consult it before prescribing or dispensing a controlled substance for patients ≥16 (with narrow exceptions) (F.S. §893.055(8)).
- DEA: Federal DEA registration is required to prescribe controlled substances.
Scope of Practice, Protocols & Supervision
Supervision Limits
Physicians may supervise up to 10 PAs under F.S. §458.347. APRNs have no numeric cap, but must follow either a physician protocol under F.S. §464.012 or autonomous practice requirements under F.S. §464.0123 and applicable Board of Nursing rules.
🔗 Florida Statutes – §458.347 Physician Assistants
Scope of Practice Mapping (Best Practice)
Maintain a written matrix of who may do what (MD/DO, APRN—autonomous vs. protocol, PA, RN, electrologist/laser operator) tied to statutes and delegation rules. This is not mandated in statute but supports compliance with Title XXXII, Professions & Occupations.
🔗 Florida Statutes – Title XXXII Professions & Occupations
Informed Consent & Protocols
Protocols must comply with statutory authority in Ch. 456, 458, 459, 464, 893, F.S. and Board rules under 64B8 (Medicine) and 64B9 (Nursing). Procedure-specific consents (Botox®, microneedling, IV therapy, etc.) are not listed in statute but are consistent with the standard of care and required medical records adequacy.
🔗 Florida Board of Medicine – Statutes & Rules
Laser / Energy-Device Compliance
Florida requires that laser and light-based hair removal be performed by a licensed electrologist with proper training, under the direct supervision and responsibility of a physician, per FAC 64B8-56.002. There is no separate facility license like in Texas.
🔗 Florida Department of Health – Electrolysis / Laser Hair Removal
Marketing & Representation
Florida law prohibits false, deceptive, or misleading advertising. Titles must reflect actual licensure (e.g., no use of “doctor” by non-physicians). This is enforced under F.S. §456.072(1)(a).
🔗 Florida Statutes – §456.072 Disciplinary Grounds
Best Practice with Statutory Backing
Florida does not mandate universal chart-review quotas, but the medical director/clinic director must ensure adequate records and compliance with adverse incident reporting under FAC 64B8-9.001 and discipline standards in F.S. §458.331. Document chart reviews, adverse events, device/medication logs, and QA meetings.
🔗 Florida Statutes – §458.331 Grounds for Disciplinary Action
Recordkeeping & Access
All clinics must maintain patient records in compliance with F.S. §456.057, including protocols, supervision documents, training logs, and incident reports. Records must be accessible to the medical/clinic director and available to regulators.
🔗 Florida Statutes – §456.057 Ownership & Control of Patient Records
Statutory Duty Framed as Best Practice
Florida does not use the term “change management” in rules. However, under F.S. §400.9935, the medical/clinic director is responsible for ensuring compliance with all statutes and rules whenever services are provided. When adding new modalities (e.g., RF microneedling), directors should:
- Update protocols and consents.
- Re-train and document staff competency.
- Maintain device logs and QA documentation.
- Ensure changes are reflected in APRN/PA protocols and delegation agreements.
🔗 Florida Statutes – §400.9935 Medical Director Responsibilities
The Legal Frame: CPOM + Who Can Be a “Medical Director”?
Who can be a Medical Director in Florida?
Why a “Non-Physician Medical Director” isn’t a thing in Florida?
Collaboration & Delegation: APRNs and PAs in a Florida Medspa
Prescriptive Authority (APRNs)
- Non-autonomous APRNs: Must practice under a written protocol with a supervising physician per F.S. §464.012. The protocol defines scope, authorized drugs/devices, consultation triggers, and procedures for escalation.
- Autonomous APRNs: Under F.S. §464.0123 (HB 607, 2020), APRNs may qualify for autonomous practice in primary care, family medicine, general pediatrics, internal medicine, or midwifery. This authority does not extend to medical spa services (injectables, laser/energy devices, or aesthetics). For those services, physician-approved protocols remain the standard of care and are expected by the Board of Nursing and Board of Medicine.
Physician Assistants (PAs)
- Supervision & protocols: PAs must practice under physician supervision and a written agreement under F.S. §458.347. This agreement sets duties, prescriptive privileges, and supervision parameters.
- Chart review: Florida law does not impose a mandatory percentage or quota for chart reviews. The supervising physician determines the appropriate review process, but written expectations are strongly advised for compliance and QA. Also read Florida Board of Medicine – PA Prescribing Guidance.
Day-to-Day Delegation
- Delegation authority: Physicians may delegate medical acts if they are within the delegate’s scope of license, training, and competence. Delegation must also be within the supervising physician’s own scope.
- Written protocols & QA: Florida law requires protocols and clear supervision records. While not explicitly mandated in rule, best practice is to tie device and procedure privileges to named staff with documented training, competency checklists, and renewal dates. This demonstrates compliance with the physician/clinic director’s statutory responsibility for quality assurance and patient safety.
🔗 FAC 64B8-30.012 – Tasks Delegated to PAs
🔗 Florida Statutes – Title XXXII Professions & Occupations.
Practical Tips: That Survive Florida: Audits
- Don’t over-promise QA. Pick a chart-review cadence and meeting frequency you can sustain; keep sign-in sheets and written findings/remediations.
- Index your agreements. Maintain a roster for APRNs and PAs (start/renewal dates, scope, alternates).
- Competency = protocol-tied. For each injector/device operator, keep a signed checklist tied to the procedure packet (including ocular protection for lasers and hyaluronidase use for vascular occlusion).
- Update fast. Add new modalities (RF microneedling, PDO threads, GLP-1 programs) to protocols before launch, then train and document.
- E-FORCSE discipline. Save PDMP query confirmations for controlled prescriptions: E-FORCSE login.
Injectables and Device Procedures: What “Legal” Looks Like in Practice
Injectables (e.g., Botox®, Fillers, Biostimulators)
- Considered medical procedures. Your packets should cover assessment, dose ranges, lot/chain-of-custody documentation, photography policy, aftercare, and event algorithms (e.g., hyaluronidase dosing, anaphylaxis, vascular occlusion).
- Staff must have documented training and competency; define physician availability and escalation.
Lasers, IPL, RF, and Other Energy Devices
- Treated as medical devices. Operators should be MD/DO/NP/PA/RN with device-specific training under physician-approved protocols.
- Keep laser safety training, eye-protection policies, test-spot documentation, parameter rationale, and maintenance logs.
- Rule index for physicians: 64B8, F.A.C
Microneedling, Chemical Peels, Threads, and IV Therapy
- Build procedure-specific checklists and consent forms.
- For IV therapy, keep compatibility charts, crash-cart checklists, and anaphylaxis drill logs.
Telehealth (Virtual Aesthetics Triage, Primary Care, Psych, Weight Management)
- Florida licensees: Florida-licensed MDs, DOs, APRNs, and PAs may provide telehealth to Florida patients without additional registration (F.S. §456.47).
- Out-of-state clinicians: Must register with the Florida Telehealth Provider Registration Program before treating Florida patients.
- Standards: Telehealth visits must meet the same standard of care as in-person visits, including recordkeeping (§456.057), patient identity verification, and informed consent.
- Prescribing: E-prescribing (§456.42) and PDMP checks (§893.055, E-FORCSE) apply in telehealth exactly as they do in person.
The Paperwork Florida Actually Asks to See
Entity Documents
- Clinics must designate a Florida-licensed MD/DO as medical/clinic director (§400.9935).
- Ownership may be physician or non-physician; MSO agreements must not intrude on clinical decisions.
🔗 F.S. §400.9935 – Clinic Responsibilities (Online Sunshine)
Licenses & Credentials
- Active licenses for MD/DO, APRN, PA, RN.
- DEA registration if controlled substances are prescribed.
- Telehealth registration for out-of-state clinicians.
🔗 F.S. §456.47 – Telehealth (Online Sunshine)
APRN/PA Agreements
- APRNs: written physician protocol (§464.012) or autonomous registration (§464.0123).
- PAs: written supervision agreement required (§458.347).
🔗 Florida Board of Nursing – APRN Protocols & Autonomous Practice
Delegation & Scope Matrix (Best Practice)
- Written matrix of who performs which procedure; supports compliance with delegation rules.
🔗 Florida Statutes – Title XXXII Professions & Occupations
Protocols & Consents
- Maintain procedure-specific protocols (injectables, lasers/IPL/RF, microneedling, IV therapy).
- Must meet standards of practice and records adequacy.
🔗 FAC 64B8-9.001 – Standards of Practice for Medical Doctors
Device Folder
- Keep purchase orders, vendor training, competency files, safety policies, test-spot logs, and maintenance records.
- Laser hair removal only by electrologists with training, under physician supervision.
🔗 FAC 64B8-56.002 – Supervision of Electrologists
QA Trail (Best Practice with Statutory Anchor)
- Document chart reviews, QA meetings, incident logs, and corrective actions.
- Adverse incident reporting is required.
🔗 F.S. §458.331 – Grounds for Disciplinary Action (Online Sunshine)
Prescribing Compliance
- PDMP checks required for controlled substances (§893.055).
- E-prescribing required with limited exceptions (§456.42).
🔗 E-FORCSE – Florida PDMP Program
Marketing Approvals
- Ads must not be false, deceptive, or misleading (§456.072).
- Internal sign-offs for ad compliance are best practice.
Common Florida Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
“Medical Director” in Title Only
If the MSO dictates protocols or staffing of clinicians, that risks aiding unlicensed practice (§456.065, F.S.) and can trigger discipline under §458.331, F.S. Clinical control must remain with the licensed physician designated as medical/clinic director under §400.9935, F.S.
🔗 F.S. §400.9935 – Clinic Responsibilities (Online Sunshine)
Stale Protocols
APRN protocols (§464.012, F.S.) and PA agreements (§458.347, F.S.) must accurately reflect services offered. While not bound to “one week,” protocols must be updated promptly and be available to the Board within 3 business days upon request.
🔗 F.S. §464.012 – Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (Online Sunshine)
Under-Documented QA
The medical/clinic director is responsible for ensuring QA under §400.9935, F.S. and standards of practice (FAC 64B8-9.001). Missing minutes, chart reviews, or incident logs can be cited as inadequate supervision.
🔗 FAC 64B8-9.001 – Standards of Practice for Medical Doctors
Improper Device Delegation
Laser hair removal may only be performed by licensed electrologists with laser training, under the direct supervision and responsibility of a physician (FAC 64B8-56.002). Injectables are medical procedures and cannot be performed by unlicensed staff.
🔗 FAC 64B8-56.002 – Supervision of Electrologists
PDMP Gaps
Prescribers must check Florida’s PDMP (E-FORCSE) before prescribing or dispensing controlled substances for patients ≥16, unless an exception applies (§893.055, F.S.). Missing or poorly documented checks are a common source of discipline.
🔗 F.S. §893.055 – Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (Online Sunshine)
Templates & Operational Playbooks (Implement This Week)
APRN/PA Agreement Pack
- APRNs: Written physician protocol (§464.012) unless autonomous under §464.0123.
- PAs: Written supervision agreement required (§458.347).
🔗 F.S. §458.347 – Physician Assistants (Online Sunshine)
Delegation & Scope Matrix (Best Practice)
Maintain a matrix of who may perform each procedure, required training, supervision level, and renewal dates. This isn’t mandated in statute, but it aligns with delegation and scope rules under Title XXXII.
🔗 Florida Statutes – Title XXXII Professions & Occupations
Monthly QA Pack (Best Practice with Statutory Support)
Keep agendas, sign-in sheets, chart-review logs, incident reports, and remediation notes. While not mandated in all settings, this supports the medical director’s statutory QA duties (§400.9935) and adverse incident reporting rule (FAC 64B8-9.001).
🔗 F.S. §400.9935 – Clinic Responsibilities (Online Sunshine)
Device Safety Binder
Maintain laser/IPL protocols, operator training certificates, eye-protection SOPs, test-spot logs, and maintenance records. Florida specifically regulates laser hair removal under FAC 64B8-56.002.
🔗 FAC 64B8-56.002 – Supervision of Electrologists
Marketing Compliance Checklist
Advertising must not be false, deceptive, or misleading under §456.072(1)(a). Title usage and “doctor-supervised” claims must reflect actual licensure and delegation. Internal sign-offs are a best practice.
🔗 F.S. §456.072 – Disciplinary Grounds (Online Sunshine)
Building a Defensible Florida Structure (the Physician Entity + MSO Model)
Florida’s safest medspa setup keeps clinical control with the licensed physician (through a physician-owned entity or as the designated medical/clinic director under the Health Care Clinic Act) while business functions remain in the MSO.
Your MSO agreement should:
- Clearly state that medical judgment and hiring/supervision of clinicians remain with the physician.
- Avoid revenue-sharing terms that could be construed as fee-splitting for patient referrals.
- Permit audits and policy updates driven by the medical director (e.g., E-FORCSE workflows, protocol changes, device training).
Step-by-Step: Building a Defensible Florida Setup (30/60/90 Plan)
Days 1–30: Foundation & Paperwork
- Confirm the structure clearly places medical authority with the physician; review the MSO contract.
- Inventory licenses and DEA registrations; enroll prescribers in E-FORCSE.
- Draft/update APRN protocols and PA supervision documents.
- Compile device protocols and build your scope matrix.
Days 31–60: QA in Action
- Hold your first QA meeting; set a sustainable chart-review process by service line and document findings/remediations.
- Run a mock inspection against Board of Medicine expectations and your APRN/PA documentation.
- Scrub website/ads to match licensure, supervision, and telehealth statements.
Days 61–90: Risk Hardening & Growth
- Complete direct-observation sign-offs for injectors and device operators; set automated renewal reminders.
- Validate remote record access for the medical director to respond to board requests.
- For each new service: training plan → protocol update → competency sign-offs → marketing review → launch.
FAQs
Can a non-physician own my Florida medspa?
Yes, but not the practice of medicine. Use a physician-owned professional entity for clinical services and an MSO for business operations. The MSO must not control medical judgment.
Do Florida APRNs need written protocols?
If not registered for autonomous practice under §464.0123, yes—APRNs must work under written protocols with a physician. Even for autonomous APRNs, strong procedure/device protocols are best practice in aesthetics.
How are Florida PAs supervised?
Under §458.347, F.S., with a written protocol/supervision agreement. The supervising physician must be readily available; chart review and duties are set in writing.
Is telehealth allowed for medspas?
Yes, if you meet Florida standards of care, documentation, and informed consent. Out-of-state practitioners must register.
Do we have special laser licenses in Florida?
No separate laser facility license like Texas’s TDLR. Device use is medical and falls under physician protocols and board rules.
How Medical Director Co. Supports Florida Medspas
Running a compliant medspa in Florida isn’t about checking boxes, it’s about documented control of medicine plus repeatable QA. Medical Director Co. provides:
- Florida-licensed physicians experienced in aesthetics, telehealth, psychiatry, and weight management.
- Turnkey APRN protocols and PA supervision agreements built with Florida-specific requirements (scope, prescribing, communication, escalation, QA) and workflows to keep them current.
- QA systems you can actually maintain – chart-review processes, meeting agendas, incident logs, and audit-ready documentation.
- Laser/device compliance support – protocol templates, operator competency checklists, eye-safety policies, and maintenance logs.
- Structure alignment – we review MSO agreements to confirm physicians retain clinical authority, consistent with the Health Care Clinic Act and Florida’s prohibition on unlicensed practice.
- Legislative and rule monitoring – track Board of Medicine and Board of Nursing guidance, plus telehealth and prescribing updates, and tell you what to adjust before it becomes an issue.
Find a Florida Medical Director with Medical Director Co.
Florida Resources You Should Bookmark
- Florida Board of Medicine – Statutes, rules, licensing, and telehealth guidance
https://flboardofmedicine.gov - Florida Board of Nursing – APRN protocols, HB 607 / Autonomous APRN updates, and practice standards
https://floridasnursing.gov - Florida Board of Osteopathic Medicine – Rules and guidance for DOs
https://floridasosteopathicmedicine.gov - Florida Board of Pharmacy – Prescribing, dispensing, and compounding regulations
https://floridaspharmacy.gov - Florida Department of Health – E-FORCSE® PDMP – Controlled substance monitoring program
https://www.floridahealth.gov/statistics-and-data/e-forcse/index.html - Florida Department of Health – Electrolysis & Laser Hair Removal – Licensing and supervision requirements
https://www.floridahealth.gov/licensing-and-regulation/electrolysis/laser/index.html - Florida Telehealth Provider Registration Program – Registration and compliance resources for in-state and out-of-state providers
https://flhealthsource.gov/telehealth - Florida Statutes (Online Sunshine) – Official state statutes, including Chapters 400, 456, 458, 459, 464, 893
https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes

Bolton M. Harris, J.D., is a seasoned attorney with a formidable background in criminal law and a focus on healthcare law and compliance. As the in-house legal counsel at Medical Director Co., Harris brings a unique blend of prosecutorial experience and regulatory expertise to support healthcare professionals across Texas. Her career spans roles as a prosecutor in multiple counties and now as a trusted advisor on the legal intricacies of medical practice operations.
Education & Early Career
Bolton Harris completed her undergraduate studies at Southern Methodist University (SMU) in 2013. During her time at SMU, she was not only a dedicated student but also a competitive athlete on the university’s women’s swimming team. She went on to earn her Juris Doctor from Texas A&M University School of Law in 2016 and became a member of the Texas Bar that same year. Armed with a strong academic foundation and discipline honed as a student-athlete, Harris embarked on a career in criminal law immediately after law school.
Prosecutorial Experience in Texas
Bolton Harris began her legal career in public service as a criminal prosecutor. She served as an Assistant District Attorney in multiple jurisdictions, where she quickly rose through the ranks and handled a broad spectrum of cases. Some highlights of her prosecutorial career include:
- Assistant District Attorney, Dallas County, Texas: Prosecuted a high volume of criminal cases in one of the state’s busiest DA offices, gaining extensive trial experience in both misdemeanor and felony courts.
- Assistant District Attorney, Ellis County, Texas: Continued to hone her courtroom advocacy skills, known for meticulous case preparation and a tenacious pursuit of justice on behalf of the community.
- Assistant District Attorney, Navarro County, Texas: Broadened her legal expertise by handling diverse criminal matters in a smaller county, working closely with law enforcement and community leaders to uphold the law.
Through these roles, Harris built a reputation for being a tough but fair advocate. She brought numerous cases to trial and developed an in-depth understanding of the criminal justice system. This distinguished prosecutorial background laid a strong foundation for the next phase of her career in the private sector.
Healthcare Law & Compliance at Medical Director Co.
After her tenure as a prosecutor, Harris shifted her focus to healthcare law, applying her legal acumen to the medical field. She recognized that the same attention to detail and tenacity that served her in criminal law could benefit healthcare providers navigating complex regulations. Embracing this new direction, Harris became well-versed in the intricate laws governing medical practices – from licensing requirements to patient safety and privacy standards – and is passionate about helping practitioners stay compliant.
In her current role as the in-house attorney for Medical Director Co., Bolton Harris oversees all legal and compliance matters for the organization and its clients. Medical Director Co. is a nurse-owned firm that connects nurse practitioners (NPs), physician assistants (PAs), and registered nurses with qualified medical directors and collaborating physicians, offering fast placements and comprehensive compliance support for healthcare practices. Harris ensures that each of these partnerships and clinical ventures adheres to all applicable state and federal laws. She is responsible for drafting and reviewing collaborative practice agreements, advising on regulatory requirements, and providing ongoing legal counsel as clients establish and grow their clinics. Drawing on her prosecutorial eye for risk management, Harris proactively identifies potential legal issues and addresses them before they escalate, giving healthcare professionals peace of mind.
Bolton M. Harris’s multifaceted expertise – spanning high-stakes courtroom litigation to detailed healthcare compliance – makes her a formidable legal ally. Whether advocating in front of a jury or guiding a medical practice through regulatory hurdles, she remains committed to the highest standards of the legal profession. Her blend of courtroom-tested skill and healthcare law knowledge ensures that clients of Medical Director Co. receive elite-level counsel and steadfast protection in an ever-evolving legal landscape.